By DVC
•
May 20, 2025
The trucking industry is on the verge of a technological revolution, and at the forefront of this transformation are driverless or autonomous trucks. As advancements in autonomous vehicle technology accelerate, the concept of self-driving trucks is quickly shifting from futuristic novelty to practical reality. With rising operational costs, driver shortages, and increasing demand for faster deliveries, many logistics companies are exploring autonomous trucking as a scalable solution. But what does this mean for freight transportation? What Are Driverless Trucks? Driverless trucks, also known as autonomous trucks, are commercial vehicles equipped with advanced systems that allow them to operate without human input. These systems combine technologies like: Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) Radar sensors Cameras Artificial intelligence (AI) Machine learning algorithms Real-time GPS and mapping systems There are different levels of autonomous driving. According to SAE international’s standard J3016, there are five levels: Level 0 = Truck driver has complete control of the truck, but there are driver-assisted technologies (e.g., automatic emergency braking and cruise control) available. Level 1 = The driving system can control speed and direction but not both simultaneously. The driver-assisted features are more advanced (e.g., lane-keeping assistance). Level 2 = Control of speed and direction can be done simultaneously. These trucks still require driver input since the system is not ready yet for real-world driving conditions. Level 3 = The driving system is more autonomous, and it can request the driver to take over to drive. Level 4 = The driving system is fully autonomous, and some Level 4 trucks may not have pedals or steering wheels. Many driverless trucks on the road today operate at Level 4 autonomy, meaning they can handle all driving tasks under certain conditions without human intervention, but may still have a driver onboard as an observer (a safety backup). Autonomous Trucks in the Trucking Industry Here’s why driverless trucks are gaining traction in logistics and freight: 1. Alleviating the Driver Shortage According to the American Trucking Association, the U.S. still faces a shortage of over 80,000 truck drivers in recent years, and could double by 2030. Autonomous trucks provide a scalable way to move freight without relying solely on a shrinking labor pool. 2. Boosting Efficiency and Uptime Unlike human drivers, autonomous trucks don’t need to rest, take breaks, or stop overnight allowing for nearly 24/7 operation. This translates to faster delivery times and reduced downtime. 3. Lowering Operational Costs While the upfront investment is significant, driverless trucks offer long-term savings by reducing labor costs, fuel usage through optimized driving, and accident-related expenses. 4. Improved Safety AI-powered trucks are programmed to follow traffic laws precisely, maintain safe distances, and avoid distracted or fatigued driving. 5. Sustainability Autonomous trucks can be integrated with electric drivetrains and optimized routing to reduce carbon emissions, helping companies meet sustainability targets. Challenges and Considerations While promising, driverless trucking isn't without its hurdles: Regulatory uncertainty : Federal and state laws are still evolving around autonomous vehicles. There is no federal standard yet, only at the state level. Twenty-four states have permitted some degree of autonomous commercial trucks. Infrastructure readiness : Roads, signals, and logistics hubs may require upgrades. Also, a person could tamper with road signs or painted lines on roads to mislead the driving system. Cybersecurity concerns : More connectivity means higher vulnerability to digital threats. Autonomous tractor-trailers can be activated wirelessly, which has been proven by engineers at the National Motor Freight Traffic Association . Along with cybersecurity concerns, there are other security issues, such as a person tampering with a vehicle’s CAN (Controlled Area Network) bus or hardware. Public perception : Gaining trust in autonomous technology is still a work in progress. However, with continued investment and testing, these challenges are being actively addressed by the industry. Driverless trucks are not a distant dream—they are a real and growing presence in the transportation ecosystem. While full adoption may take time, the trucking industry is clearly steering toward an autonomous future.